Cozumel, Mexico
East of the Yucatan Peninsula, on top of the age-old structures
of the Mayan coral reef, the second largest in the world,
stands the Island of Cozumel, the largest inhabited island
in Mexico. Its name, derived from the word Cuzamil, meaning
island of swallows in Maya, conjures up memories
of its pre-Hispanic origin, the conquest of America and
the pirates and buccaneers that thronged its seas.
The Island of Cozumel measures 48 km from north to south
but only 16 from east to west. On either side of the island,
beaches form a long, white sandy coast. Gentle waves and
transparent waters wash the western side of the island,
while huge waves crash against the eastern side. Its flora
and fauna have a number of unusual features and include
certain endemic species, such as the dwarf raccoon and the
Cozumel wren. Cozumels greatest wealth, however, lies
underwater.
Before the arrival of the conquistadors, the island was
a major commercial and ceremonial center. During the colonial
era, it was largely uninhabited, except for sporadic stays
by pirates and turtle hunters. In the mid-19th century,
groups of settlers arrived from the Yucatan Peninsula, fleeing
the War of the Castes. The following years saw the development
of the chicle extraction business on the mainland and Cozumel
became a center for collecting and subsequently exporting
this gum. Jacques Cousteaus declarations in 1960 about
the richness of the coral reef surrounding the island made
underwater enthusiasts aware of Cozumels existence.
Cozumel is encircled by over 25 reef formations, where
divers of all ages and levels can explore a fascinating
world: endless colonies of corals inhabited by enormous
shoals of brightly colored fish. The possibilities are infinite,
for novice and expert divers alike. San Miguel de Cozumel,
the capital of the island, is a peaceful old village, with
all the charm of the Mexican Caribbean. The quality of its
gastronomy, based on its excellent seafood, is legendary
throughout the region. Its provincial air does not make
it any less comfortable or modern. Its days are sunny and
full of unforgettable experiences, while its nights are
ideal for those who enjoy discotheques and bars. A wide
range of accommodation is available, from deluxe hotels,
to small, inexpensive hostels.
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